refactor: optimize multi-stage Dockerfile for improved build efficiency and clarity

Dockerfile

@@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
 # Use official Node.js image
-FROM node:24
+LABEL authors="Ari Yeger"
-
 ### Client Stage
-
+FROM node:24 AS client-build
-# Set working directory
-WORKDIR /app
-
-# create client directory
-RUN mkdir client
 # Set the working directory for the client
 WORKDIR /app/client
 
 # Copy package files and install dependencies
 COPY /client/package*.json ./
-RUN npm install
+RUN npm ci
 
 # Copy server source code
 COPY /client .
@@ -22,13 +16,7 @@ COPY /client .
 RUN npm run build
 
 ### Server Stage
-
+FROM node:24 AS server-build
-# Set working directory
-WORKDIR /app
-
-# create server directory
-RUN mkdir server
-
 # Set the working directory for the server
 WORKDIR /app/server
 
@@ -42,7 +30,13 @@ COPY /server .
 # no build step for server, its already JavaScript
 
 # Production stage
-FROM node:24-slim
+FROM node:24-slim AS production
+WORKDIR /app
+# Copy built client files from client-build stage
+COPY --from=client-build /app/client/dist ./client/dist
+# Copy server files from server-build stage
+COPY --from=server-build /app/server ./server
+WORKDIR /app/server
 # Expose the port your server runs on (change if needed)
 EXPOSE 8000